Análise de Fatores que podem influenciar a efetivação da doação de córneas: estudo retrospectivo no Banco de Tecidos Oculares de um Hospital Universitário no Maranhão

Abstract

Corneal transplantation is the most frequently performed procedure in Brazil; however, challenges related to the realization of donations and their conversion into surgeries still persist. This study investigated the effectiveness of corneal donation at the Ocular Tissue Bank of a University Hospital in the state of Maranhão from 2015 to 2021. Employing a quantitative approach and a retrospective cross-sectional methodology, we analyzed all death records reported during this period, identifying the causes of non-effectiveness. Descriptive statistical analysis, conducted in Microsoft Excel 2016, and time series analysis, carried out in SPSS Statistics 22, revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted corneal transplants, leading to a decline in the system's effectiveness. The study identified an increase in medical contraindications over the years, with family refusal and logistical issues being the primary reasons for non-effectiveness. Collaboration among Eye Banks emerged as an importantfactor in ensuring a supply of tissues for transplants, even in the face of challenges. In conclusion, the effectiveness of corneal donation is influenced by complex factors, underscoring the need for improvements in medical screening, addressing family refusals, enhanced logistical management, and ensuring the quality of ocular tissues. Collaboration among institutions is important to meet the growing demand for corneal transplants.