Reaproveitamento de resíduos da construção civil gerados no município do Rio de Janeiro como alternativa para o seu descarte

Abstract

In this study, a new management model for construction and demolition waste (C&D) was proposed for the city of Rio de Janeiro, waste generation was estimated by neighborhood and city planning area, between 2006 and 2020, that were compared with the waste production data published by Companhia Municipal de Limpeza Urbana - COMLURB (Municipal Urban Cleaning Company) and Sistema Nacional de Informação Sobre Saneamento - SNIS (National Sanitation Information System), it was found that the values obtained by the estimate, indicated an average amount of generation of 361,992.00 ton per year. The mapping of licensed sites for disposal of C&D waste generated in the city was also done, and confirmed about the prohibition on disposing of this waste in the places managed by COMLURB and in the CTR - Rio in Seropédica, however, it was evidenced that the sanitary landfill receives C&D waste despite of this activity is not included in the operating license of the enterprise. It was also proved that among the nine companies presented by the City Hall of Rio de Janeiro as a place of disposal of this waste, only five have a receipt record, according to data from waste management system shared by Gerencia de Acompanhamento de Instrumentos de Licenciamento Ambiental - GERILAM (Monitoring Management of Environmental Licensing Instruments) from Instituto Estadual do Ambiente - INEA (State Institute of the Environment). Among which, Arco da Aliança Comércio e Serviços Eireli received mostly materials transported by companies of its group, since 99.98% of the waste received was collected by institutions from Terra Prometida. As for Tamoio Mineração S.A, it was proven that only 3.35% of the total materials dumped were transported by companies accredited by COMLURB. As for Liej Materials de Construção Ltda, when the total waste collected by this company was excluded, only 1.46% of the total of materials were collected by other entities in conformance by COMLURB. With regard to Top Líder e Locação de Equipamentos Ltda Epp, 55.08% of the volume of waste sent to this location was transported by companies regularized. Finally, there is no record of disposal of waste collected by entities accredited by COMLURB at Mineração Galácia Ltda. As a solution, adaptation of the transfer stations was recommended, primarily by the ETR of Jacarepaguá, as Planning Area 4 represented 50.70% of the total estimated waste in the city. In second order, adaptation of the ETR Marechal Hermes was suggested, since the Planning Area 3 corresponded to 17.66% of the amount of calculated waste. In the third order, adjustment of the ETR of Bangu was indicated, as the Planning Area 5 represented 16.59% of the estimated volume of materials. Finally, it was suggested to adapt the ETR of Caju, which receives waste from Planning Area 2 and 1, regions where the production of 8.28% and 6.77%, respectively, of the amount of C&D waste generated in the municipality were estimated. In addition to the adjustment of these places, the need to create a C&D waste recycling plant was presented.