Avaliação de aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos para tratamentos térmicos de resíduos sólidos urbanos: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

The management of the increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) ranks among the major challenges currently faced by many countries. An environmentally sustainable waste management system is understood as one in which waste generation, harmful substances, and waste disposal are minimized, while the reuse, recycling, and energy recovery from these wastes are maximized. From this perspective, one alternative to reduce the burden of MSW landfilling is to consider utilizing these wastes in energy conversion processes, thereby serving as a renewable energy source. Through a bibliographic review, with the use of keyword searches and their combinations in leading scientific databases, data analysis, and the identification of mitigating measures, this study aimed to identify factors related to thermal treatment of MSW that could enable the implementation of waste incineration, focusing specifically on the context of Rio de Janeiro, and to foster discussion on the subject. The review highlighted that social, environmental, and economic aspects are decisive in feasibility analysis, contributing to the stakeholders' decision-making regarding the adoption of this technology in Brazil.