Efeitos dose-resposta da terapia vibratória sistêmica e a relação entre funcionalidade, flexibilidade, qualidade de vida, qualidade do sono, parâmetros bioquímicos e indicadores antropométricos em indivíduos com Síndrome Metabólica

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MSy) is considered a serious health condition and is defined as a set of cardiovascular risk factors, where there is the presence of central obesity associated with two or more of these risk factors. Since MSy includes overweight and obesity, genetic factors, aging, and physical inactivity, contributing to reduced functional performance (physical function and flexibility), stress, and consequently promoting impaired quality of life and sleep quality. Metabolic and anthropometric alterations are also key components of MSy, which impair metabolic homeostasis and increase cardiovascular risk. In this sense, individuals with MSy are often sedentary, with low motivation and difficulty performing physical exercises. Thus, systemic vibration therapy (SVT), through whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE), may be an appropriate exercise modality for these individuals. This study aims to verify the dose-response effects of two different SVT protocols on physical-functional, clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters of MSy, and explore the relationships between these parameters. This is a randomized clinical trial with blinded analyses. MSy individuals were randomized into two groups of SVT protocols, Fixed Frequency (FF) and Variable Frequency (VF), both on a vibrating platform with alternating displacement of the base. In the FF group, a frequency of 5 Hz was used, peak-to-peak displacements of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, with 1 min of work time with 10s “on” and 50s “off” and 1 min of rest in a standing position. In the VF group, frequencies ranged from 5 to 16 Hz (increasing by 1 Hz at each session), work time was 1 min and 1 min of rest, and peak-to-peak displacements were the same as in the FF protocol. Both protocols were performed in static and dynamic squat positions, twice a week, for six weeks, totaling 12 sessions. Functionality, flexibility, quality of life, sleep quality, biochemical parameters and anthropometric indicators were evaluated before and after the SVT protocols. Fifty-six MSy individuals were randomized to the FF protocol (n=28, age 61.00 (48.00; 64.50) years; body mass index (BMI) 34.30 (30.80; 37.80) kg/m²) and to the VF protocol (n=28, age 58.00 (47.00; 65.50) years; BMI 35.70 (30.95; 38.50) kg/m²). SVT, regardless of the protocol dose, promoted benefits and a positive impact on several parameters, including functionality, flexibility, quality of life, sleep quality, biochemical parameters and anthropometric indicators, and positive and negative relationships were evidenced between these parameters before and after the applied protocols, which may have been modulated by SVT. Future studies are still needed to establish the best SVT protocol for MSy individuals and to better understand the mechanisms of action involved in the effects found.