Análise das mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra nas bacias hidrográficas do litoral leste do estado do Rio de Janeiro entre 1985 e 2022

Abstract

Over the years, it is clear that landscapes change, whether naturally or through human action. Changes in landscapes can generate some socio-environmental problems, such as mass movements, pollution of water bodies, flooding, among others. In this sense, environmental studies that seek to understand the transformations occurring in landscapes and seek solutions to mitigate socio-environmental problems become relevant. Some of these studies consider the relevance of river basins as a territorial planning unit, as well as the importance of land use and cover maps to analyze changes in landscapes, and thus best manage the use of the elements available in space, seeking mitigate environmental problems. Therefore, this work aims to identify changes in land use and cover in the 10 river basins on the east coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in a quantitative and qualitative way, understanding how these changes are important vectors of environmental problems throughout the region. . In the methodology, maps were generated from data provided by the Mapbiomas project, on a scale of 1:100,000, over the last 37 years. With the temporal analysis of the changes that occurred, field work was carried out to validate the Mapbiomas data. As the study area was very comprehensive, the need to choose the basin that achieved a significant increase in the class of the urban area was identified, thus configuring a greater change in anthropic transformation, and the basin chosen was the Araruama lagoon basin. The anthropic pressure in the chosen basin was then determined by calculating the ITA (Anthropogenic Transformation Index). This work obtained satisfactory results, even though some Mapbiomas mapping classes presented errors and conflicts with the data verified in the field. The conflicts identified were already expected and did not compromise the research. After the review, it was possible to calculate the ITA and generate the results. After the review, it was possible to calculate the ITA and generate the results. Of the nine sub-basins of the Araruama lagoon basin, two presented ITA greater than 8.0, showing that the landscape was extremely modified over time and continues to change. Problems such as flooding occur in these basins, which end up affecting the local population. Thus, with this work, we seek to contribute to society with a study that reveals the changes occurring in the studied space and how much these changes can interfere with the natural dynamics of river basins.