Processo de subjetivação das crianças venezuelanas refugiadas no Brasil: entre muros do bilinguismo e das reações emocionais

Abstract

The study explores the process of subjectivation of Venezuelan refugee children in Brazil, focusing on their experiences of adaptation in Rio de Janeiro. The research addresses the emotional and linguistic challenges faced by these children, highlighting the impact of bilingualism and emotions on the construction of their identities in a new cultural context. Immigration goes beyond physical displacement, implying a break with the territory of origin and the need for help in the host territory. Although bilingualism can be a resource for integration, it often acts as an initial barrier, generating communication difficulties, feelings of isolation and low self-esteem, especially in the school environment. The transition to a new language, Portuguese, and cultural adaptation intensify anxiety and the feeling of alienation, affecting both school performance and the social relationships of these children. The research uses psychoanalytic theories from Freud, Melanie Klein and Winnicott to understand the emotional reactions and unconscious processes triggered by this transition, exploring how play and other playful activities help children cope with cultural and emotional disruption. The Pfister Colored Pyramids projective test was applied to investigate the emotions and affections present in the construction of the new identity. In addition, the study highlights the crucial role of organizations such as SOS Children's Villages, which offer social, educational and psychological support to children and their families. These organizations act as cultural mediators, creating welcoming environments that facilitate adaptation and help children develop a sense of belonging. The research concludes that public policies and joint community actions are essential to guarantee a humane welcome and access to essential services such as education and health, taking into account the emotional and linguistic needs of refugee children. The successful integration of these children requires a joint effort between the government, NGOs and society, promoting an approach that respects their experiences and enhances their integral development. Thus, the study highlights the complexity of subjectivation in immigration contexts, showing that, despite the adversities, adequate support can mitigate the emotional and cultural impacts, contributing to the construction of a dignified and integrated childhood in a new country.