O Espaço Transatlântico do Herói Romântico: os caminhos das Mémoires de Garibaldi de Alexandre Dumas no Brasil

Abstract

The work Mémoires de Garibaldi: traduits sur le manuscrit original par Alexandre Dumas was a work undertaken by Alexandre Dumas and Giuseppe Garibaldi, in 1860, between France and Italy, having been published in Paris in two volumes. It first appeared in faits divers, in the newspaper Lé Siécle, and then the book was published by the publisher Lévy Frères. By continuing the research begun during the master's degree on the production of Garibaldi's Mémoires, the objective of this thesis was to analyze the circulation of this work in the Brazilian press from 1860, the year of publication of the work, to 1889, the year of Proclamation of the Republic. The work arrived translated into Portuguese simultaneously with the French publication, in serial form, with characteristics that move between a serial and a faits divers. This circulation is thought of as a movement of exchange between Europe and Brazil, that is, we want to perceive connection and appropriation more than dependence and domination. The delimitation of documentary research was also necessary and this research is based on the archives present in the Brazilian National Library, mainly in periodicals, which were the main means of communication in the 19th century. Ideas and news were transmitted through them, as well as opinions were formed. The work followed the methodology proposed by the concept of communication circuit, in which the history of a book must be perceived among the different variants that lead from production to appropriation of the work. The circuits are infinite in their analysis and can be perceived from different angles. It was also necessary to be guided by the concept of sociology of the text, seeking to understand the complexity and multiplicity of appropriations in the face of a text that overflows the form of the book. The study of literature and the transatlantic circulation of printed materials helped in perceiving the nuances of this text, which is formed between several countries and is shaped in each one of them. It was precisely because of their polyphony and plurilingualism that the reach of Mémoires crossed borders.