Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e resistido sobre rigidez arterial: revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises com ênfase em moderadores potenciais

Abstract

Increased arterial stiffness (AS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and physical exercise is a recognized strategy to mitigate this condition. However, the dose-response relationships between exercise and the reduction of AS are still not well defined. This doctoral thesis investigated associations between variations in AS following aerobic and resistance training, as well as moderators of these effects. The meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 standards, including controlled and uncontrolled trials with adults (≥ 19 years) assessing the impact of chronic exercise on pulse wave velocity (PWV) in individuals with normal or elevated blood pressure (BP). Searches in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and SportDiscus were conducted until March 2024, using terms related to "AS" and "aerobic/resistant exercise/training (AT and RT)." Hedges' effect sizes (g) were calculated for different types of PWV (General, Central, Mixed, and Peripheral), and in cases of moderate heterogeneity (I² > 50%), predefined moderators such as methodological quality, BP, and resting PWV and training components (FITT) were tested. AT was found to be effective in reducing PWV, with variations of -0.34 to -1.02 m/s (p < 0.05). Studies of higher methodological quality showed significantly larger effect sizes, particularly in Central PWV. There were no differences in ‘g’ values between samples with normal and elevated BP, suggesting that AT is equally effective across different BP groups. The influence of FITT components was unclear, indicating that varied combinations of intensity/volume may be beneficial, despite observed heterogeneity. Conversely, RT demonstrated non-significant variations of -0.11 to 0.05 m/s, with high heterogeneity and no differences among any moderator levels. These results indicate that RT does not provide benefits or detriments to AS