A situação do Objetivo do Desenvolvimento Sustentável 3 no Brasil: uma análise do período 2016-2022

Abstract

This thesis presents an analysis of the current situation of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) of the 2030 Agenda in Brazil. It has as its assessed time frame the years between 2016 and 2022. It uses an approach that aims at understanding the evolution of the thirteen SDG goals, especially the health and well-being SGD 3 goal, throughout a time frame that comprises the first half of the deadline time after which the 192 UN-member signing countries are supposed to achieve said goals, as it was agreed upon in 2015. This thesis is based on the historical dialectical materialism’s methodological standpoints, and the historical dynamic of the capitalist development constitutes a basal variable of the analysis performed in this dissertation. Therefore, it is based on this relation, and how it impacts the 2030 Agenda and relations between different countries. This approach comprises not only the evolution of the SDG 3 goal in Brazil between 2016 and 2022 – the dissertation’s research subject – but also the broader historical process regarding the concept of sustainable development and the multilateral trajectory to the creation of the 2030 Agenda. In this regard, the approach in the research particularly focuses on the healthcare issue as part of a so-called universal plan aimed at creating a development standard that presupposes an unbreakable link between social development, economic growth and environmental conservation. The approach used in this thesis is also based on theoretical categories used to discuss the dependent capitalism which exists in nations such as Brazil and other Latin American countries. Some of these theoretical categories were developed by Ruy Mauro Marini, such as “value transference” and “super-exploitation of the workforce”, and they were used as favored theoretical tools to qualitatively assess the Brazilian political agenda and Executive branch policies between 2016 and 2022, both domestically and in its international relations – this time frame comprises the years in which the conservative and far-right wave started around the world and in the country. This thesis also assesses how said wave impacted the SDG 3 goal in Brazil throughout this time frame. It concludes that the SDG 3 goal obtained poor results due to the radicalization of the dependent nature of the Brazilian capitalist model under the Temer and Bolsonaro administrations, achieved through the imposition of a conservative and ultra-liberal right-wing project against the SDG 3 goal.