Múltiplas vozes para construção de uma história: as práticas no DEGASE (1994 a 2023)

Abstract

This thesis aimed to highlight the history of an institution through various memories in dispute: the memories presented and expressed in the speeches of the administrations, in social media and events, in which they attempt to affirm the promotion of an institutional speech, demonstrating that the department acts in socio-education according to the parameters of the regulations in force; and, in the day-to-day practices, the memories of the socio-educators, which commonly do not appear in spaces of greater visibility, thus the internal memories between the groups of socio-educators with conflicts and tensions, the diverse memories of the socio-educational community. This study attempted to bring out the colors of daily experience, of common people, multiple voices in this construction, which together form the history of the institution that is contradictory in its mission: to socio-educate and to watch/punish. The objective of this work was to do a study on the practices of the General Department of Socio-educational Actions of the State of Rio de Janeiro - DEGASE, from 1994 to 2023, and to this end made use of testimonies from socio-educators working in the socio-educational system of the state of Rio de Janeiro and an analysis of some documents produced by DEGASE. The methodology used was Oral History, with oral sources as the main research tool. This form of research makes it possible to reconstruct the distant and recent past through interviews, since the contemporary also produces history. Throughout the thesis, the struggle between socio-educational policy and security for repression was shown. It was found that it is no longer sanctions that coexist with socio-education, but socio-education that coexists with the penal state, strengthened, well-organized and with clear and defined objectives. It was noted that several socio-educators showed various forms of resistance to this state of prioritizing punitive security. It is worth noting that it was observed that the institution was moving sometimes in search of a socio-educational policy based on the principles of liberating education, and sometimes based on retrograde, moralistic and punitive practices. This mixture of the sanatorium and the guarantor represents the daily life of socio-educational policy in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is a contribution to researchers on the subject, to society, and to the institution itself, to provide a critical reflection on the contradictions that exist when observing the gap between discourse and practice, and in the critical comprehension of its past, to be able to see its actions in a transparent way so that in the future it can seek a profound change and make socio-education effective as a public policy. This work does not pretend to be able to cover everything, and there are certainly gaps and possible objections that indicate the importance of further research in this field, which is important if there is to be a constant process of writing and history between the various existing truths.