Uma proposta de psicanálise: do território psicossocial ao território do sujeito

Abstract

This thesis aims to articulate the concept of Territory with the psychoanalytic theory, for the development of a territorial care device that does not dispense the clinic with the subject. The need for this theoretical articulation emerged from a demand of work in the territory with psychiatric patients. Among the work directions that were established, one of them required the removal of objects that were part of the delusional construction of these patients and that had a stabilization value for them, due to an adaptation of the subjects in question to the reality of the territory. We start from the need to retake the bases of the Territory as a concept to reach its uses and its limits of action. In this way, in the first chapter we developed a bibliographical research on the concept of Territory that has an important influence of the Marxist critical reading that influenced the debates, in the seventies, in Europe. In our discussions, we privilege the theories of the geographer Milton Santos and his readers, who interpret the territory as a product of a cumulative materiality, which has a social and historical use defined by its citizens. This conceptual basis leads us to the reason of the development of a psychiatric reform model under the aegis of the territory, which leads us to the conclusion that the use of this concept demands a critical work in the space of the city on the historical forms that reproduce the exclusion both in the territory and in the institutions and which has its origin in the capitalist mode of production. The second part of this thesis focused on the dialogue between Marxism and Critical Geography. The reading of the historical forms of alienation, ideology and State apparatuses, originating from Marxism, directly influence the materiality of space and its social use. However, Marxism does not present a debate on the use and dynamics related to space, but it is through the appropriation of concepts and elaborations arising from Marxist critical theory in the science of class struggle that geographers support their allusions about the effects of domination also in the urban space. In the third part of the thesis, we resume the debate between psychoanalysis and Marxism in order to rescue these relationships in the radical nature of their concepts, from Freud to Lacan. We even take up Freud's inferences about Marxism in his work, in an attempt to clarify the difficult interpretations of Freud that reverberate in misunderstandings and resistance on the part of psychoanalysts to Marxism. Then, we resume the dialogue with Marxism, based on Lacan, who extracts theoretical consequences from this debate, for the psychoanalytic clinic. In the last chapter, we dedicated ourselves to the concept of alienation: (i) as an operation for the constitution of the subject; (ii) as a component of object a, as a result of this subject division operation; (iii) and under which the production of surplus jouissance revolves, a function responsible for inserting the subject into a relationship with jouissance, through the symptom. These operating concepts in the psychoanalytic clinic were fundamental to think about the subject in psychoanalysis in a relationship of extimacy with the territory. This research reverberated in the invention of a clinical and political device that still works today.