Um estudo sobre a Pintura Mural Maya: o legado de mulheres arqueólogas e artistas

Abstract

In the ancient Maya civilization, mural painting was one of the most important art forms and still exists today. They are scattered throughout the archaeological sites of the Maya territory in Mesoamerica and stand out for their remarkable artistic quality, their historical and religious content and their role in supporting the oral tradition of the region. To date, the oldest known are those of San Bartolo, located in Guatemala. The development of this practice peaked between the 2nd and 9th centuries AD. Throughout recent history, some have been found in the architectural complexes of Maya territory such as Chichén Itzá, Bonampak, Calakmul, Uaxactun, Xelhá, and others. As well as existing since pre-Hispanic times, they were also made during the times of Spanish colonization. These plastic expressions were present in various contexts, including temples, residences, palaces and tombs. During the Post-Classical Period (1000-1542 AD) Maya Mural Painting was still carried out, but formally simpler and less elaborate than the paintings made earlier in the Classical Period (300-900 AD). Broadly speaking, this expression depicts a series of themes including scenes from the daily life of the nobles, mythology, important events, commemorative dates and religious events. It played an important role in society to educate, entertain and transmit customs; through this practice, we can better understand the cosmogony and daily life of the ancient Maya. In recent decades, important contributions to Maya Art have been made by women archaeologists, artists and historians who have created a repertoire that serves as a basis for understanding the visual history of ancient Maya culture