Usina fotovoltaica distribuída nos telhados do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

This study analyzes the feasibility of distributed photovoltaic energy generation on rooftops in the Administrative Region Administrative Region of Campo Grande, Santa Cruz, Bangu and Realengo (neighborhoods: Deodoro e Vila Militar) in Rio de Janeiro as an alternative to traditional centralized generation. Variables such as roof slope, orientation, and available area were considered using Digital Surface Model (DSM) from the Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Laboratory at UERJ. The analysis covers predominantly residential cartographic clippings within the selected neighborhoods. The average monthly production of a photovoltaic panel was estimated at 68.80 kWh, based on the Canadian model (CS6W-550MS) with 21.50% efficiency, as well as solar radiation and temperature data from Sundata and the São Cristóvão Meteorological Station. Considering a household consumption of 389.34 kWh/month, the total distributed generation was estimated at 390 MWh/month. In the first scenario, each installed system generates 700 kWh/month, twice the household consumption, with the surplus injected into the grid; in the second scenario, the generation reaches 2,100 kWh/month. Economic feasibility was assessed based on the acquisition and installation costs of the 700 and 2,100 kWh systems, considering energy losses of 12.0%. The available area for installation across the five selected cartographic clippings was 2,446,160.24 m², representing 0.8% of the total area of the neighborhoods. The analysis was expanded to a total area of 130.44 km², applying a 70% reduction factor due to the roof orientation and usability constraints. The results indicate that both projects are viable, offering high energy production and an attractive financial return, surpassing initial costs and generating revenue from surplus energy sales.