Nietzsche e Dostoiévski: duas visões sobre a resistência ao niilismo

Abstract

This work will be divided into two parts. We support the hypothesis that Nietzsche and Dostoiévski talk to each other about the theme of nihilism, in addition to both using to develop typologies that articulate modes of resistance to nihilism. In the first part, in the introduction, we will make an exposition about the polysemy of nihilism. Then, we will present some facts that occurred with Dostoevsky that encompass his engagement in revolutionary groups in Russia, an involvement that provided him with fertile ideas for the elaboration of The Demons. Then, we will make a brief explanation about the denial of the tragic aspect in Christianity. This will be of great value for an approach that we will take forward on Dostoevsky's tragic Christianity and its Nietzsche relationship. After that, we will narrow our view to include the main work of this research: The Demons. This chapter will feature an exhibition of the plot and central characters for our investigation, focusing on its peculiar aspects that reflect the philosophical problems that permeate the work, elements that signal Dostoevsky's understanding that the indelible mark of nihilism is the hatred of life, is resentment, the mark of what cannot be full in any way because it lacks measure, reference.In the second and last part, in general, we will present how Nietzschean philosophy and Dostoevsky's thought dialogue, bringing to the surface the discrepancies and similarities between both thinkers. For that, we will do an investigation of the characters Piotr, Nikolai Stavróguin, Kiríllov and Chátov. Then, we will present a chapter whose objective is to clarify specifically the Nietzchean diagnosis of nihilism, death of God and his reinterpretation of the body, encompassing his psychophysiology and how it contributes to the understanding of Dostoevsky's works.