Análise das relações entre características cinemáticas da marcha, competências emocionais, traços de personalidade de indivíduos com obesidade grave

Abstract

Obesity is a multifactorial disease, defined by the excessive accumulation of body fat, where the Body Mass Index (BMI) is greater than or equal to 30kg/m². It is associated with the development of various chronic diseases, psychological and social inconveniences. In the specific case of the severely obese, the bioenergetic, physiological and neuromechanical conditions mobilized during gait execution are likely to be distorted due to the morphological discrepancies caused by excess adiposity. With regard to emotional conditions, the perception of not being able to march fluently, associated with the mediating role of personality traits, can have repercussions on the appearance, assimilation and control of negative emotions. The aim of this master's dissertation is to describe cinematographic characteristics of the gait of people with severe obesity, identifying its associations with personality traits and the perception of emotional competence of these individuals. The sample was selected for convenience at the Obesity Care Laboratory, and data will be collected at a single scheduled moment after screening. The procedures carried out were: measurement of body mass and height, application of the questionnaires: Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Emotional Competence Questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (at the beginning and end of the procedure), and filming of the gait before and after a light walk as an intervention. Subsequently, BMI was calculated and the analysis of gait kinematic variables (stride width and cadence) was carried out using the KINOVEA program. The data was statistically analyzed using Excel software (Microsoft Corporation, Albuquerque, USA) and processed using Jamovi version 2.4.14 (The Jamovi Project, Sydney, Australia). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality and homogeneity of variance of the sample data. Pearson's correlation test was applied to analyze the associations between the variables of interest. The Student's t-test was used to analyze the pre- and post-walking intervention data for the gait kinematics and state-IDATE variables. The level of p ≤ 0.05 was adopted for statistical significance. The following criteria were used for the magnitude of the correlation: very strong, r ≥ 0.90; strong, 0.6 ≤ r < 0.9; moderate, 0.3 ≤ r < 0.6; and weak, r < 0.3. There were positive correlations: 1) between the personality trait Psychoticism and stride length; 2) between the trait Extroversion and Emotional Competence; 3) between the trait Neuroticism and state anxiety. Negative correlations were identified between: 1) age and stride length; 2) between age and the personality trait Psychoticism; 3) between the traits Psychoticism and Extroversion; 4) between Psychoticism and Emotional Competence; 5) between BMI and stride length; 6) between state anxiety and Emotional Competence; 7) between the trait Neuroticism and Emotional Competence; 8) between state anxiety and Extroversion. It is concluded that the control of external environmental variables influences the emotional competence and gait efficiency of severely obese individuals, with personality traits mediating this relationship