Unidades de conservação municipais no estado do Rio De Janeiro: ICMS ecológico e indicadores de efetividade de gestão

Abstract

This work includes a review and reflection on Municipal Conservation Units. At the same time as reviewing the history of the concept and practices relating to Conservation Units (CUs) in the country, this thesis evaluates the developments and issues involved in their implementation and consolidation. To this end, the concept of Conservation Unit (CU) will be presented and its context and relevance to Brazilian environmental policy will be shown. In 2007, with the new criteria for transferring funds, the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro were strongly encouraged to create Conservation Units, and so a series of municipal Conservation Units sprang up throughout the state of Rio de Janeiro. This paper studies this phenomenon and carries out a quantitative survey to verify the number and distribution of municipal protected areas in the 92 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The text raises questions about the degree and form of its maturation and develops a set of management effectiveness indicators for municipal conservation units. To this end, an empirical study was carried out, using the Montanhas de Teresópolis Municipal Natural Park as the object of study. In order to construct a set of management effectiveness indicators for municipal conservation units. The research carried out is characterized by its exploratory and analytical-descriptive nature. It is the result of various data collection techniques, such as bibliographical and documentary research, field research and interviews. From the perspective of this work, it is understood that: a) municipal PAs have enormous potential to contribute, as a central element, to Brazilian environmental policy; b) the creation/decree of a municipal PA alone does not guarantee the effectiveness of its objective, and it is necessary to draw up, implement and monitor an efficient management plan. c) the great challenge of creating municipal PAs lies in guaranteeing the effectiveness of their management, taking into account not only ecological demands but also all the social groups involved.