Integralismo, imprensa de combate e antifascismo: a luta política de operários e anarquistas contra regimes autoritários nas décadas de 1920 e 1930

Abstract

This dissertation examines the Brazilian Integralist movement and anti-fascist reactions during the interwar period (1932-1935), focusing on the Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB) and anarchist and anti-clerical publications such as A Plebe and A Lanterna. The study investigates how Integralism, although inspired by European fascist regimes, developed unique characteristics rooted in Brazilian reality, and how anti-fascist movements—particularly through anarchist and working-class press—fought against this authoritarian ideology.The research also explores the internal contradictions of Integralism, which advocated modernization while maintaining ties to conservative values, reflecting the tensions between tradition and modernity in Brazil. Additionally, the dissertation highlights the role of libertarian women in the anti-fascist struggle, particularly Maria Lacerda de Moura and Luce Fabbri. These women criticized fascism for its ties to clericalism and capitalism, denouncing the oppression of women and workers. In works such as Fascismo: Filho Dileto da Igreja e do Capital (1933), Lacerda argued that the alliance between the Church and fascist regimes reinforced social and political domination. She advocated for libertarian education as a tool for emancipation. Fabbri, in turn, viewed fascism as an extreme manifestation of authoritarianism and nationalism. Her writings emphasized the struggle for freedom and social justice, promoting self-management and international solidarity as forms of resistance to totalitarianism. Thus, the dissertation seeks to understand the development of Integralism in Brazil, its impact, and the resistance it faced from anti-fascist movements, reflecting the political and ideological tensions of the period.