Crise em saúde mental: uma análise da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) do Município de Barra Mansa/RJ

Abstract

The present thesis presents a discussion about the crisis in mental health from the reception and care process that are developed by professionals of the Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) of the municipality of Barra Mansa, located in the region of the Médio-Paraíba in the interior of the Rio de Janeiro state. Firstly, we seek to highlight the concepts of crisis in the field of mental health, as well as a connection with the idea present in the current conjuncture, the crisis that plagues our Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Thus, we prove in this work the concept of crisis from two perspectives of analysis: the first works with the concepts of psychic crisis, from the perspective of mental health linked to the biomedical model, a conservative who has been going through mental health for centuries, being the guiding thread and the second one, that understands the mental health crisis beyond perception of symptoms related to the diagnosis of the subject, and which understands the crisis as a moment that needs care and that says much about the subject's own condition in the world. The two perspectives of analysis are closely related to the paradigms that permeate the field of mental health, and that influence the composition of the health politic / health mental that directly interferes in the formulation, implementation and development of services that represent this policy. In this sense, we seek to reflect on the situation of political health / mental health up to the present moment, where this policy presents clear signs of a "crisis" of legitimacy on the part of the State and weakening on the part of the individuals that apply this policy into practice. Our analysis was based on the monitoring of the professional work of a care network, on the understanding of the ethical and political presuppositions present in the daily care and reception of the subject in crisis. Our research presents a qualitative methodology, developed through semi-structured interviews with professionals (RAPS) that we accompany, we highlight that the research was carried out with professionals inserted in the Urgency and Emergency services and in the types of substitutive services of the Center of Psychosocial Attention (CAPS).After conducting the interviews we began the process of analyzing the speeches from the elaboration of the thematic axes.It was possible to observe in this process that most of the professionals that we interviewed to recognize the general lines of analysis for the understanding of what we call crisis of mental health and to recognize the current process in which we are inserted in relation to the difficulty of implementing SUS and the Política National de Saúde mental, based on the principles and guidelines of Reform Psiquiátrica Brasileira.The subjects involved in the research process also recognize the importance of the ethical and political elements that permeate the process of care and acceptance of the subject in crisis, above all regarding the need to guarantee work in the optimal anti-asylum. We consider, therefore, that this research first reveals, in a given universe, an advance in the understanding of professionals about the concept of mental health crisis, under the analysis of the broadened view on health, as well as elements present to think together the process of limits and challenges in the current situation.