Levantamento dos principais impactos ambientais em obras rodoviárias emergenciais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Road construction projects generate significant negative impacts on the environment. In order to mitigate these impacts, construction companies executing these projects must adopt environmental protection measures. However, as observed through environmental supervision activities, numerous environmental impacts persist even after environmental protection actions. This study aimed to present and analyze the main control actions and environmental mitigation measures implemented during the execution of road construction projects in the state of Rio de Janeiro, based on the evaluation of construction documents, bibliographic research and environmental supervision data. The findings indicate that most of the environmental occurrences were related to "Waste Management" (67%). Other significant occurrences were associated with "Flora/Fauna" (14%) and "Erosive Processes/Sedimentation" (13%). After the completion of the activities, the presence of construction and demolition waste (CDW) near the intervention areas was observed in 80% of the projects, and in 60% of the projects, areas with soil contamination were identified as a result of the services carried out. These residues were not fully removed or properly disposed of after the end of projects. The siltation of water bodies was observed after the completion of 50% of the supervised construction works. The control actions and mitigating measures analyzed by the study were presented in 3 different scenarios: 1. complete absence of environmental protection actions; 2. correct implementation of control actions and mitigating measures; 3. inadequate implementation of them. The planning actions, the budget resources, the lack of knowledge among workers, the way in which environmental legislation is applied, inspection actions and misguided decisions by managers were factors that influenced the outcomes of environmental management of road construction projects.