Implementação de um Programa de Simbiose Industrial nas empresas do Distrito Industrial de Santa Cruz-RJ a partir do modelo da cidade dinamarquesa de Kalundborg

Abstract

Industry plays a central role in global resource consumption and waste generation, demanding sustainable solutions for its processes. Industrial Symbiosis (IS), inspired by natural symbiotic exchanges, has emerged as a strategy to promote industrial circularity through the development of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs). This study aimed to evaluate the application of the Kalundborg (Denmark) model in the Santa Cruz Industrial District (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), based on the knowledge acquired through the SACI (Systemic Approach to Clean Industry) and PRESI (Pathways to Resource Efficiency in Santa Cruz Industries) programs. These initiatives were conducted in partnership with the Government of the State of Rio de Janeiro, represented by the Secretariat for the Development of Industry, Services and Commerce (SEDEISC), and the Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute. The methodology involved mapping the flows of inputs, waste, and energy of local companies, coordinated by the author in collaboration with the Environmental Technical Committee of the Santa Cruz Industrial District Business Association (AEDIN) and Danish consultants. As a result, a Symbiosis Map was developed, identifying short-term synergies such as direct resource exchanges between physically connected companies; medium-term opportunities involving the reuse of by-products through internal process adjustments; and long-term prospects requiring structural investments in low-carbon technologies, green hydrogen production, and carbon capture systems. The study highlights the potential of the symbiotic model to transform the industrial hub into a more efficient and sustainable ecosystem, delivering economic, environmental, and social benefits.