Mulheres em teorias, mulheres em movimentos: uma crítica feminista das teorias dos movimentos sociais

Abstract

The present work aims to analyze the most cited works in Brazil between 2013 and 2017 in the area of social movements from a gender perspective. The choice of authors and texts analyzed was based on a survey conducted by Szwako, Dowbor and Araujo (2020), in which a bibliometric study of the productions on social movements in Brazil between 2000 and 2017 was carried out. Considering 2013 as a central year of demonstrations in Brazil and, consequently, in the increase of productions in the area, it was considered the cut from 2013 to 2017 in the present work. The works analyzed are: "Power in motion" by Sidney Tarrow, "Dynamics of contention" by Charles Tilly, Doug McAdam and Sidney Tarrow, "The Invention of the present" by Alberto Melucci, "Theories of social movements: Classical and contemporary paradigms" by Maria da Glória Gohn, "History of sexuality I" by Michel Foucault, "Symbolic power" by Pierre Bourdieu, "Towards another reading of the dispute for democracy building in Latin America" by Evelina Dagnino, Aldo Panfichi and Alberto J. Olvera and "Theories of Social Movements: A Balance of the Debate" by Ângela Alonso. The thesis is divided into two parts: In the first, it delves into the debate between gender and science in historical and social aspects, using sociological, epistemological, and methodological arguments. The second part is about social movements and gender. The field of social movement studies and its main arguments are presented in it. In this part, an analysis of the works already presented is carried out. The main axes analyzed are the relationship between public and private, old and new social movements, and the question of identity, so that it becomes evident that, generally, theories prioritize "public" spaces and movements and their institutional relations as the privileged focus of analysis, spaces which are predominantly male. Moreover, associated with this, dichotomous hierarchies in which gender inequalities are reinforced as ideas of general and specific movements (and theories), political and cultural movements, class movements, and identity movements. Finally, it points out analytical, theoretical, methodological, and epistemological alternatives of incorporating a feminist critique of science into theories of social movements from structural, cultural, and symbolic issues.