Abordagem de conteúdos relacionados à área de estomaterapia nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem

Abstract

This dissertation addresses the contents related to the area of stomatherapy in undergraduate nursing courses. Objectives: to identify the methodologies and pedagogical strategies for the development of contents related to stomatherapy in undergraduate nursing courses and to analyze the contents related to stomatherapy addressed in undergraduate nursing courses. Methodology: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory. This study was conducted with eleven coordinators of undergraduate nursing courses from public and private educational institutions in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and processed using the IraMuTeQ® software. Results: from the analysis of the interviews, the descending hierarchical classification (DHC) originated four classes, organized in two blocks. In the first, "Fundamentals for teaching care in stomatherapy", the analysis revealed a structured and gradual training, where learning begins with theoretical bases in Anatomy, Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, evolving to practical skills in Semiology and Semiotechnics. The second block, "Implementation of the teaching of stomatherapy in undergraduate nursing courses", evidenced that the approach to the contents begins in the first years of training, going through the third to the tenth periods, in mandatory disciplines. It was learned that the integration between theory and practice is essential for qualified training. Lectures represent the main method for the transmission of theoretical contents, while realistic simulation laboratories, as part of active methodologies, complement practical learning. The acquisition of essential technical competencies and skills also takes place during internships. The use of diversified teaching strategies is highlighted, such as lectures, audiovisual resources, mannequins, realistic simulation laboratory, skills laboratory, internships and seminars. The teaching of stomatherapy occurs through disciplines such as Adult and Elderly Health and Nursing Fundamentals, with a progressive approach to topics such as wounds, ostomies, incontinence, fistulas, drains and catheters. Conclusion: the results show the need to broaden and deepen the contents of stomatherapy in undergraduate nursing programs. The importance of integrating the development of these contents throughout the basic and professional cycles is highlighted, ensuring a balanced approach between the disciplines. In this way, the omission or repetition of certain contents is avoided, promoting a more cohesive, efficient and aligned training with the demands of professional practice.