Análise da imagem corporal, autoestima e qualidade de vida física e mental na população bariátrica

Abstract

Obesity affects not only physical health but also psychosocial well-being, particularly body image and self-esteem, which can reduce quality of life. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of different degrees of obesity on psychosocial parameters and to assess the influence of self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, and body mass index (BMI) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in candidates for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). This cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 candidates for MBS. The Body Shape Questionnaire, Kakeshita Silhouette Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) were administered. Anthropometric and body composition assessments were also performed. Participants were stratified into three groups based on BMI. Kruskal-Wallis tests, univariate ANOVA with LSD post hoc, Spearman correlation, and hierarchical linear regression were used for analysis. All the analysis were made by SPSS v.26. Most participants presented body dissatisfaction (60.9%) and perceptual distortion (74%). Reduced scores for the physical (34.0) and mental (44.0) components of HRQoL were observed, with no significant differences among BMI groups. Body dissatisfaction was negatively correlated with the physical (R= –0.28) and mental (R= –0.46) components of HRQoL. Self-esteem showed a positive correlation with both components (physical: R = 0.20; mental: R = 0.39). In the regression analysis, only psychosocial factors were significantly associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Psychosocial impairments related to obesity are evident even in its early stages. Unlike BMI, self-esteem and body image were associated with quality of life. These findings underscore the importance of a psychosocial approach in the preoperative period of MBS, aiming to enhance therapeutic effectiveness and the perception of health outcomes.