Inteligência pericial para o gerenciamento de ações de perícia papiloscópica em local de crimes de homicídio

Abstract

Brazil is home to 2.7% of the world’s population but accounts for 20.4% of global homicides (Brazilian Public Security Yearbook, 2022). Clarifying the authorship of these crimes is one of the strategic objectives of the Civil Police Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro (SEPOL/RJ), with forensic fingerprint analysis serving as a key tool in this process. In 2021, the construction of digital databases (DB) for fingerprint forensics at the Homicide Division of Baixada Fluminense (DHBF) was initiated, aiming to compile information from crime scenes, forensic reports, and profiles of identified individuals. This study describes the structuring of these databases and the development of a new integrated DB that consolidates all collected data. Based on this consolidated information, the study also analyzes fingerprint examinations conducted at homicide scenes under DHBF jurisdiction between 2019 and 2024. The databases were developed using an interface created in Google Forms and Sheets, later exported to Microsoft Excel, and used to input and store data such as crime scene type, responsible examiner, and forensic analysis. The main findings reveal a decrease in the number of crime scenes requiring fingerprint analysis, from 902 in 2019 to 580 in 2024. Most examinations occurred in public areas (60.57%), followed by residences (15.33%) and vehicles (15.19%). Commercial establishments (4.88%) and objects (4.04%) represented the lowest proportions. A total of 407 individuals were identified through fingerprint analysis, of whom 180 (44.23%) were classified as suspects or perpetrators — a highly relevant figure, as in many cases the fingerprint report is the only available evidentiary element and is decisive for solving the crime. The results highlight the importance of systematizing forensic data to enhance criminal investigations. Structured analysis enables SEPOL/RJ to make strategic decisions based on scientific evidence, optimizing resources and strengthening the role of fingerprint forensics. The study also recommends updating the standard operating procedures manual of the Special Crime Scene Group (GELC), particularly regarding fingerprint analysis, to align operational practices with the study’s findings. This work contributes to the development of forensic intelligence and provides technical support for managing DHBF operations. The consolidation of the database represents a significant advancement in the integration of forensic science and public administration, promoting greater efficiency in solving homicides and reinforcing the strategic role of fingerprint forensics within the public security system.