Espinosa e Advaita Vedānta: Unidade e Multiplicidade na Ética e na Bhagavad Gītā - aproximações e distanciamentos

Abstract

Our research aims to present, within the scope of metaphysical studies, the non-dualistic Vedantic philosophy enunciated by Ādi Śaṅkarācārya and the revolutionary philosophy constructed by Baruch Spinoza, focusing on three aspects: 1) the conceptual reconstruction and recovery of their respective internal coherences; 2) the appreciation of the compatibility achieved, if achieved, between Unity and Multiplicity on the level of Absolute Being; 3) the identification of points of convergence and divergence between these doctrines. In this endeavor, we will rely on renowned interpreters of both doctrines. In the first section, dedicated to Spinoza's thought, we will explore the evolutionary dynamics of his thought through the readings of Victor Delbos; with Martial Gueroult we will follow the systematic structure of his Ethics and with Gilles Deleuze the relevance of the idea of expression for understanding the articulation of Unity-Multiplicity in Spinozist monism. The second section, dedicated to the thought of Ādi Śankarācārya, will point out the importance of Bhagavad Gita as a textual source of Advaita Vedanta. Following this, with Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, we will explore the pedagogy of the Vedantic master and the solution to common interpretative errors among "Western" authors, concluding with Chakravarti Ram-Prasad's sophisticated interpretation of the hermeneutical strategy used by Śankara for the irrefutable affirmation of Vedantic non-dualism. The conclusion will revisit the main arguments concerning the articulation of Unity-Multiplicity in both philosophies, considering the distinct levels of Advaita teaching, and will indicate the points of dialogue between the thoughts of Spinoza and Śankara.