Prototipagem e impressão em 3D do kit de extração de célula-tronco mesenquimal da medula óssea por manufatura aditiva

Abstract

Related to technology and healthcare, scientific advancements have promoted significant transformations over the years. Innovations in methods, research, and equipment stand out, particularly in the field of orthopaedics, where progress in biomedical sciences offers new approaches to the treatment of various clinical conditions. Stem cell therapy represents one of these innovative approaches, utilizing cellular elements to promote regeneration, repair, and healing of damaged musculoskeletal tissues. This application shows promise in the treatment of fractures, injuries, joint diseases, and other orthopaedic dysfunctions. However, the efficient and safe collection of these cells still faces challenges, particularly concerning cell quality and the risk of morbidity from traditional methods. The most commonly used percutaneous techniques to collect stem cells from the iliac region, while effective, subject the patient to painful, invasive, costly processes that require specialized equipment that is often not readily accessible. To propose viable solutions with less impact on the patient, the project was directed towards the application of 3D printing technology in the development of a functional medical device prototype for the collection of mesenchyme stem cells. The developed object consists of a system designed to optimize resources, improve the efficiency of the surgical process, and minimize trauma to the patient. The prototype was produced using specific software for additive manufacturing workflows. A 3D modelling program, slicer software, and polylactic acid (PLA) filament were used for product printing. The development followed bench practice stages for effectiveness testing. The functional efficiency test simulated the cell suction process in a controlled laboratory environment. The study demonstrated that using 3D printing to manufacture medical instruments represents an accessible, adaptable, and effective alternative for supporting biomedical procedures, especially in regenerative medicine. It represents a promising alternative for performing cell extraction efficiently and safely.