Efeitos dos exercícios de vibração de corpo inteiro na composição corporal em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica

Abstract

The pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MSy) is complex, involves genetic and acquired factors and it is characterized by the presence of central obesity more two other conditions as dyslipidemia, hypertension or insulin resistance. The increase of visceral adiposity seems to be the starting point for most of the mechanisms involved in MSy and this dysfunctional adipose tissue would develop a state of low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Regular physical exercise (PE) can promove results favorable in body composition and can contribute to decrease the body mass, body fat mass and central adiposity. However, MSy individuals have difficulty in adhering to a conventional PE program. Thus, the use of whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) have been studied in this population; but is there are not evidence about the effect of WBVE on body composition in this population yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of WBVE on body composition in MSy individuals. In this randomized, longitudinal and blinded analysis, thirty-three individuals with MSy were allocated into two WBVE groups: Fixed Frequency Group WBVE (FFG-WBVE) or Variable Frequency Group WBVE (VFG-WBVE). The anthropometric measurements (height, waist and neck circumference) and the evaluation of body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed before and after the protocol of WBVE intervention (6 weeks). Side alternating vibrating platform was used in both WBVE groups. The WBVE protocol occurred during 6-weeks. The individual was positioned barefoot and 130º knee flexion. The WBVE, in both groups was performed in a static and dynamic squat position, the peak-to-peak displacement was 2.5; 5 and 7.5mm and the sequence of WBVE was performed 3 times from 1st to 4th session ; 4 times from 5th to 8th session and 5 times from 9th to 12th session . In the VFG, the individual performed 1 minute of exercise (with vibration) and 1 minute of rest (without vibration) and the frequency was from 5 up to 16 Hz. In the FFG, the individual performed 10-second with vibration and 50-second without vibration, plus 1 minute of rest (without vibration) and the frequency was 5 Hz in all sessions. In the VFG the waist circumference and segmental fat mas were decrease and bone content was increase. Concerning segmental fat mass, in the VFG, was decrease in the left and right arm and trunk. In FFG there were not significative changes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that 6-weeks of WBVE can positively modify body composition. Further research is needed to standardize a WBVE protocol according to the objective.