Eu quero, mas não consigo: autonomia, comensalidade e sofrimento de pessoas em cuidados paliativos oncológicos a partir da linguagem do cinema

Abstract

This study aims to analyze aspects of the philosophy of palliative care correlated with the exercise of autonomy and the human suffering of individuals living with oncological diseases, within the context of commensality. The perspective adopted is based on reflections generated in the field of Bioethics in light of the Principlism postulated by Beauchamp and Childress (2002). As the object of study, we will examine two films that address the issue of palliative care in the oncological field. As a methodological tool, film analyses were conducted to observe scenes of commensality involving individuals living with cancer, receiving palliative care, and exercising their food choices within the field of nutrition and alimentation. As the initial part of the theoretical-methodological course, a compilation of films that address the theme of this population group was carried out. From this, the inclusion criteria for the cinematographic works were: easy access on streaming platforms; availability of dubbing and/or subtitles in Portuguese; featuring characters living with oncological diseases (eligible for palliative care) and making food choices. Following the screening, two films were selected: "The Bucket List" (2007) and "The Book of Tomy" (El Cuaderno de Tomy, 2020). The film analyses of the relevant scenes were conducted based on the methodology proposed by Vanoye and Goliot-Lété (2011). Two texts were produced following the perspective of Carlo Ginzburg's Indiciary Paradigm (1989) to analyze the scenes, along with the contributions of Edgar Morin in "The Cinema, or the Imaginary Man" (2014) regarding the interplay of images and imaginaries, the symbolism of the scenes, and Erving Goffman's "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life" (2010) to examine the social dynamics present in light of the theory of social theater. From the texts created, we approached the journeys of the main characters in both works, which brought to light ethical dilemmas regarding the exercise of their autonomy concerning their food choices. It was possible to perceive not only the suffering of the biological body, through the signs and symptoms present in individuals living with cancer, but also of the subjective body, which emerged in the conversations mediated by food, in their moments of commensality.