A espiritualidade e a religiosidade no cuidado em saúde: representações sociais de enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem que atuam em CAPS

Abstract

The present study aims to: Identify the social representations of spirituality and religiosity in mental health care from nurses and nursing technicians who work in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) in the city of Rio de Janeiro; Discuss the relationships established by CAPS nurses and nursing technicians regarding care and religiosity and spirituality; and Analyze mental health care based on social representations of spirituality and religiosity. This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative and qualitative approach that had theoretical and methodological support from the Theory of Social Representations (TRS) within the scope of Social Psychology, through the structural and procedural approaches of that theory. Data collection was carried out through a consecutive recruitment strategy, using the snowball technique, which made it possible to reach nurses and nursing technicians who work in CAPS in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In the first stage, 50 nurses and 50 nursing technicians participated, who responded to the collection of free evocations of the inductive terms: spirituality, religiosity, care and mental health; and the validated instrument “Duke religiosity scale” (DUREL). In the second stage, 60 participants (30 from each group) responded to the mise-en-cause and choix-par-bloc centrality tests. Then, 20 professionals from each professional category, totaling 40 participants, participated in the in-depth interview. For the prototypical analysis of evocations and similarity analysis parameterized by the Jaccard index, the Iramuteq software was used. Likewise, to analyze the interviews and construct the Descending Hierarchical Classification, the aforementioned software was used. The results obtained in all analyzes carried out showed that there are similarities and divergences regarding the social representations of nurses and nursing technicians regarding spirituality and religiosity in the context of mental health care. The findings of this study enabled the perception that there is a relationship more based on practical care actions for the group of technicians, while nurses are more in tune with theoretical-practical articulation. This result collides with the training process of the two groups which, in the case of technicians, values learning procedures, while nurses are trained from a theoretical-philosophical dimension and value the construction of critical sense. Furthermore, both groups understand the importance of incorporating spiritual and religious aspects into their care practices. However, they do not feel technically capable of doing so, in addition to pointing out aspects that permeate the prejudice and permanence of asylum practices that oppose the idea of valuing the subjective aspects of the subject. The production of this thesis not only enables discussions in the field of mental health care based on aspects that deal with expanded care but also gives visibility to the weaknesses in the training processes of the two groups.