“Se o livro chamou de índio...”: O livro didático de História no âmbito da Lei 11.645/2008

Abstract

This project aims to analyze the role of the textbooks approved by PNLD in the teaching of History of indigenous peoples during the colonial period, based on what is established by Lei 11.645/08. The textbook, as a teaching tool, was established in education prior to History as a discipline, serving as support to endorse narratives and establish the teaching approach to themes and competencies considered necessary. However, in the 21st century, where it is not necessarily the only teaching material, we will investigate the role attributed to it in everyday school life. Regarding History teaching, the BNCC establishes that it is responsible for forming a critical citizen who values diversity, breaking with ethnocentric and hierarchical views. In this context, we emphasize that indigenous peoples were formally inserted into the basic curriculum only in the 21st century. Considering the relevance of indigenous peoples in the construction of national identity, Lei 11.645 attempts a historical and counter-colonial reparation by proposing the deconstruction of stereotypes and stigmas deposited on indigenous populations. Using the criteria and competencies established for the History discipline, an analysis of the textbook will be made in this unfolding. In this sense, we reinforce the importance of prioritizing the reflections of indigenous authors regarding the school approach outlined since its approval, assuming their protagonism in carrying out our analyses. Methodologically, a documentary analysis of the textbooks for Ensino Fundamental II approved in the most recent edition of PNLD will be conducted, followed by the creation of focus groups with the purpose of analyzing the material from the teachers’ perspective. Through this study, we intend to promote a debate between the indigenous movement, the narratives of the textbooks, and the teachers, projecting the evaluation of the results obtained in the school environment.