Planejamento energético e a sustentabilidade urbano-industrial: uma análise jurídica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

This present study analyzes Brazilian energy planning from an intersectoral and interdisciplinary perspective, considering the social, technological, legal, and urban dimensions. It starts from the recognition that energy plays a central role in human development, sustainability, and as a fundamental right, being essential for access to public services, infrastructure, and productive activities. The research examines the historical evolution of the energy matrix, the transition to renewable sources, and the challenges posed by regional inequalities, with emphasis on the state of Rio de Janeiro. The methodology combines a literature review, legal analysis, study of public policies, and evaluation of statistical data from governmental agencies. International examples of smart cities, such as Vienna and Beijing, are also explored to identify successful practices of integration between energy, urban planning, and the industrial sector. The analysis shows that energy policy in Rio de Janeiro remains sectorial and fragmented, limiting efficiency and the intersectoral coordination necessary for the consolidation of smart cities and sustainable development. The proposed solution consists of implementing intermunicipal public consortia and cooperative federalism strategies to strengthen coordination among municipalities, optimize the use of energy resources, and promote a fair and efficient energy transition. The study concludes that effective energy planning depends on the articulation between sectors, government levels, and civil society, consolidating energy as an instrument of development, social inclusion, and protection of fundamental rights.