Incerta, a vida continua: a formação subjetiva no contexto da violência nas favelas cariocas

Abstract

This work consists in a study about the relation between subjectivity and the environment, specifically, about the subjective formation in the context of the violence in the Rio de Janeiro s slum. The reflection proposed has, as principal theoretical reference the notion adopted by John Bowlby and Donald Winnicott of a subjective constitution marked by the intersubjectivity. In another way, the subjectivity results from the meeting of the individual with the environment (represented initially by the mother), considering that one cannot be understood without the other. From this common view, the authors construct independents theoretical courses that sometimes get close and sometimes get distant. Contemporary and members of the British Psychoanalytic Association, Bowlby and Winnicott took part of the called Middle Group that under the influence of Darwin s biology, of ethology and literature, presents the fundamental characteristic of giving an inedited importance of the environment on the development. The adaptation of the maternal care to the child necessity, by the initial stages of the development, has the primordial function of survival and performs a decisive role to the subject s mental health. Bowlby uses the idea that parents or the person who cares of the child work as a secure base from which the child can explore the word with the confidence that will be protected if it s necessary. For the author, the attachment comportment sustains the subjectivation process and represents a constitutive element of human nature that can be reveled by a propension to establish intimate connections. Winnicott adopts the idea of a good-enough mother able to guarantee to the child the continuity of existence. For these two authors, the interruptions in the supply of the precocious care are potential pathogenic agents. Considering this theoretical perspective, will be presented the biographical narratives of three resident of a slum located in the south area of Rio de Janeiro, that are representative of the constant and violent conflicts that occurs with integrants of drug traffic and the police, other traffic groups and themselves. The experience of maternal providence in environments prejudiced by determinate kind of contextualized violence, is what these three stories try to show.