Distribuição geográfica das unidades laboratoriais, cobertura de exames e performance da rede de laboratórios que realiza rastreamento do câncer de colo de útero, segundo municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Abstract

Cancer of the cervix is the third most common type of cancer in women in the state of Rio de Janeiro, second only to breast cancer and lung. No information is available about the quality of tests used to prevent cancer of the cervix in municipalities of Rio de Janeiro. Objective: To evaluate the geographic distribution of laboratory units and the coverage and network performance tests of cytopathology laboratories in the state of Rio de Janeiro, according mesopolitanas regions and municipalities, with respect to Pap smears performed within SUS, considering the quality , standardization of procedures and laboratory management and propose improvements. The research uses a design of cross-sectional study including data concerning the operation of laboratories performing Pap smears within the SUS in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This is a study of secondary data already collected to meet the action assessment of cytopathology laboratories within the SUS, is also used in this study the ecological approach to estimate the coverage of the tests in relation to the target population of the program screening of cancer of the cervix. The network of cytopathology laboratories in the state of Rio de Janeiro did not perform satisfactorily. Regions that had laboratories that performed well were the Big Island and Coastal Lowlands and those with worse performance labs were Middle Paraíba and Northwest.The criteria evaluated were the best performing of the size and quality weakest performance was observed for the criteria of size normalization. The size of laboratory management had regular performance. An important finding of this study was insufficient to read quality blades, including rereading procedures, which can be explained by the supposed lack of professional training required in the whole process from identifying, securing, routing and forms the material until the arrival laboratories. With respect to coverage, some municipalities approach the parameter (0.30) but, although this figure reveals the ability of the state of Rio de Janeiro to offer examinations, he must be considered in conjunction with situations of previous cytology and time of cytology prior to checking the periodicity of supply and better scaling of the reach of the target population as well as the scope of the laboratory network in each city. The data show unnecessary repetition of Pap smears, which implies unnecessary costs and an even more deficient range of actions that the indicator has revealed razão. Ocorrendo especially in regions with predominantly private laboratories. The expansion of coverage based on the recommended frequency of examination is relevant under state and found to be associated with initiatives to ensure quality in process of collection and analysis of the material, as well as adequate training of professionals to adopt guidelines recommended for lesions identified.