A formação do enfermeiro para atuação na Atenção Básica: uma análise segundo as diretrizes do Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde (Pró-Saúde)

Abstract

The institutionalization of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) has been going on for twenty years and one of the organization and implementation measure is the strengthening of Primary Care, through Family health strategy , which aims to serve the population according to the local context. Since 1996, there have been changes in the Brazilian Educational Law and in the Curriculum Guidelines of the higher education programmes regarding the qualification of health professionals with a view to the SUS work practice model. This study aimed to analyze nursing education in the context of the Family Health practice in Rio de Janeiro. A multiple case study was carried out in two institutions of higher education that have graduate programmes in nursing, and a quali-quantitative descriptive exploratory approach was used. The data was collected through a survey applied to the students in the last years of the selected institutions. The framework of the questionnaire were based in the guidelines of the Reorientation National Program of Health Professional Formation (Pró-Saúde) . This was chosen as its objective is to induce changes in the health education in Brazil, with emphasis on Primary Health Care. The data were processed and tabulated by the software R version 2.10.0 and also a statistical analysis was made. The results showed that the graduate students in nursing are predominately female and young, who live with their parents and do not contribute financially to the maintenance of their home. Regarding academic activity, there is a predominance of multiple determinants of health-disease process, with an approach to health as a multi-determined process, emphasizing health promotion, prevention, recovery and prospects for health monitoring. The differences between selected institutions in the fields of practice are related to how early and predominant the students are placed in these fields. In both institutions, it is very high the expectation of the students to seek professional development after their graduation. Therefore, it was possible to demonstrate that the continuity and strengthening of the incentive for institutions to join the program could contribute to get close the nursing education to the health care model proposed by the SUS, thus impacting favorably the quality of care given to the Brazilian health system users.