Fatores de risco para ocorrência de restrição do crescimento extra-uterino em prematuros de muito baixo peso ao nascer

Abstract

Undernutrition in preterm very low birth weight infants is a major problem and it has been raising during the past decades. Posnatal weight gain restriction (PWGR) is an important nutritional indicator in these patients. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for PWGR during hospitalization. A retrospective cohort study was done and included 188 very low birth weight preterm and adequate for gestational age infants, during 2002-2004. The analysis included longitudinal linear regression modeling, considering weight variation among children with and without PWGR at discharge. Eighty seven (46%) infants had PWGR at discharge. The following variables influenced (negative) weight variation during hospitalization: lower birthweight, sex, lower 5th minute Apgar, higher CRIB score, persistent ductus arterious, metabolic bone disease, intracranial hemorrhage, broncopulmonary dysplasia and sepsis. The longer oxygen exposure time, blood transfusions, diuretic use, the longer time to achieve enteral full feeding and of use of parenteral nutrition were also important growth predictors. Undernutrition among very low birth weight preterm infants is a frequent problem; it is influenced by neonatal care but also, by individual characteristics.