Análise de custo-efetividade da técnica de IMRT para o tratamento do câncer de próstata localizado.

Abstract

According to data from the Coordination of Prevention and Surveillance of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (NCI) 61,200 new cases of prostate cancer were expected in Brazil in 2016. Once the diagnosis is established, the therapeutic options are considered according to risk groups described by D Amico (1998), which are based on staging, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score. For localized prostate tumors, and for all risk groups, radiotherapy is indicated. According to the diagnostic and therapeutic guideline of prostate adenocarcinoma published in October 2015, the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique has a benefit in controlling the disease and the lower probability of toxicity. According to this premise, this study aimed to analyze the costeffectiveness of the IMRT technique, from the perspective of SUS, for the treatment of localized prostate cancer, compared with three-dimensional technique (3DRT). A mathematical model based on Markov models was constructed and a hypothetical cohort of men aged 65 to 70 years was followed up for 10 years. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed based on Monte Carlo simulation to construct a threshold of acceptability for incorporation of the technology in question. As a result of the study, the use of IMRT technology provided a 0.79-year increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALY), but was not cost-effective compared to patients who received radiotherapy using the 3DRT. The IMRT presented an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of R $ 10,580.98 / QALY. Based on a threshold of three times the per capita GDP, according to the WHO recommendation (2011), calculated at R $ 86,628.00 / QALY for 2016, the scenario for the incorporation of this technology is favorable. If a threshold of acceptability of R $ 28,876 is considered equivalent to a GDP per capita, the probability of IMRT being cost-effective is 72%.