Prevalência e fatores associados às condições musculoesqueléticas em adultos brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde.

Abstract

Non-communicable chronic diseases produce negative impacts in health systems in Brazil and around the globe. Among the most frequent chronic diseases, musculoskeletal conditions comprise a group of diseases that affect the musculoskeletal system characterized by pain and inflammation, which influence the physical state, quality of life and the functional capacity. In Brazil, there is a scarcity in epidemiological studies in regard of such manifestations in the adult population as well as the associated factors with this condition. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions and its association with demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical factors. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the National Health Survey, a national, household-based survey conducted in 2013 among 60,202 adults aged 18 years or over. The outcome was assessed by self-reported doctor diagnosis of arthritis or rheumatism and spine problems. The variables were analyzed through hierarchical model of determination. The prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions and the respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated as estimates for Brazil and the five regions. The prevalence ratios (PR) for the study associations were obtained through Poisson regression with robust variance. Among the 60,202 individuals interviewed, 21.6% had reported musculoskeletal conditions, with higher prevalences in the southern region of Brazil, in women, in the elderly, in the indigenous self-described group, in those living with a life partner, in the poorest individuals, in rural dwellers, in daily smokers, in those who did not consume alcoholic beverages, in the sedentary ones, with high BMI, in the depressed ones and those that had three or more chronic comorbidities. Multivariate analysis showed that there was a strong association with advanced age (PR = 3.61; 95%CI= 3.27-3.98) and other chronic diseases such as depression (PR=1.69, 95% CI=1,57-1,81) and multimorbidities (PR= 1.94; 95%CI=1.77-2.12). The results show the high prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in the Brazilian adult population. Faced with the progressive growth of the aging population and chronic morbidities, this study reinforces the need for control strategies and management policies for the population suffering from chronic musculoskeletal conditions.