Prevalência de violência sexual em refugiados: uma revisão sistemática.

Abstract

The world has experienced the greatest migration crisis since World War II. In the migratory process, refugees face adverse health conditions, including an increased risk of sexual violence (SV) in the country of origin, during forced displacement or at the host location. This systematic review has as objective synthesize data about prevalence of SV among refugees in the world. The search was carried out without language and date of publication restriction in seven bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts and LILACS). Studies about prevalence of SV among refugees and asylum seekers of any country, sex or age, in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese were elegible. The study selection, data extraction and report s quality evaluation were performed by two independent reviewers and the differences resolved by a third reviewer. A total of 60 studies was included. The prevalence of SV had high variability among studies (0% to 99.8%), and was more frequent among studies with refugees from Africa (42%). Adults women was main victims of SV (83%), in general at the countries of origin (94%) and the perpetrators were intimate partners (55%). Among men and children, prevalences reached up to 39.3% and 90.9%, respectively. Rape was the most reported form of VS (65%). Therefore, the SV among refugees needs special attention because is a serious public health problem, with consequences in middle and long term. Strategies to prevent the occurrence of VS in the country of origin and during the migration, as well as measures to identife and treat the cases should be implemented.