Alimentação no Amazonas: evolução da participação dos alimentos regionais e percepção da satisfação com o consumo no domicílio.

Abstract

The adoption of a systemic approach to food that respects diversity and sustainability corroborates the precepts of Food and Nutrition Security. Food has been strongly influenced by the phenomenon of globalization, resulting in a standardized food behavior. The food transition in Amazonas has not yet been clearly identified. In this scenario of changes, the presence of regional foods needs to be understood. The purpose of this study was to analyze food in Amazonas through household availability of food, assessing the evolution of regional food participation and identifying the relationship between the perception of satisfaction with household consumption and patterns of food acquisition. In the first manuscript, food acquisition data from the Family Budget Survey (POF) 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 were used. The regional foods of Amazonas were grouped into seven groups: cassava flour, tapioca gum and products, roots and tubers, freshwater fish, game meat, regional fruits and oilseeds. The amount of regional food purchased expressed as relative (%) per capita caloric intake was analyzed according to sociodemographic variables by comparison of means, using 95% confidence intervals. In the second manuscript, food acquisition data referring to the households of the urban Amazonas of the edition of POF 2008-2009 were used, from which food patterns were identified through exploratory factorial analysis, using main component extraction. The perception of satisfaction with home consumption was evaluated by comparing the means of the scores of the food standards and the categories of the variables, using 95% confidence intervals. Important information on feeding in Amazonas was identified. There was a significant reduction in the presence of regional foods in Amazonas in the period, reaching mainly the rural households with lower income, as well as the families whose reference person was male, younger and with less schooling. Four food standards were identified: traditional mixed, regional and fast food. The greatest satisfaction with the quantity and quality of food consumed at home occurred among families with adherence to the mixed pattern. Families with greater adherence to the traditional pattern were dissatisfied with the quantity. Likewise, those adhering to the regional standard showed dissatisfaction with quality. The study revealed that food in Amazonas has peculiarities, suggesting that the food transition at the local level may not be occurring in the same way as in the national scenario. Actions aimed at promoting healthy eating should consider existing eating behavior patterns and perceptions of food consumption, so that good practices are actually accepted and incorporated by the population.