Bullying verbal, fatores associados e a coocorrência de comportamentos de riscos à saúde em adolescentes da Região Norte do Brasil.

Abstract

School bullying is a health problem that can have serious consequences on the lives of adolescents. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the categories of verbal bullying, co-occurrence of health risk behaviors and associated factors among adolescents in the Northern Region of Brazil. It is a cut from the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE-2015) referring to the North region, totaling 23,777 adolescents enrolled in public and private schools. Four categories have been created for bullying: does not suffer / do not practice bullying, victims, perpetrators and victims and perpetrators. Multinomial regression models were conducted to verify the association between dependent variables (categories of bullying) in relation to the following sets of variables: mental health, body image and family context. An ordinal categorical variable was created, representing the co-occurrence of risk factors (ranging from 0 to 4 or more risk factors), given by the sum of positive responses to the variables: regular unhealthy diet, regular drugs, regular tobacco, regular alcohol in the 30 days, unsafe sex and sedentary lifestyle. The stereotype model (ME) was used to assess the association between categories of bullying (exposure) and co-occurrence of risk factors (outcome). The stereotype model (ME) was used. All models were adjusted by sex, age, color / race, type of school and mother's education; the analyzes considered the weighting and the complex design of the sample. Results: The prevalence of adolescents victimized by verbal bullying was 4.3% (Ic 95% , 3.86-4.72); among those who practice bullying, denominated as perpetrators found 15.9% (IC 95% 15.02-16.87); and in those who were victims and perpetrators of bullying, the prevalence of 2.0% (IC 95% 1.70-2.23). Was observed higher prevalence of perpetrators among boys; higher prevalence of victims among those of color / yellow race, and higher prevalence of victim and victim / perpetrator among adolescents whose mothers had no schooling or incomplete elementary education. Only the variable "family members understand their problems" was associated with a lower chance of occurrence of the three categories of bullying. Three other variables: The variables "miss classes", "parents fiddle with their children's things" and "feelings about the body" were direct and equally associated in all three categories. The other variables presented association measures different between the categories of bullying. The perpetrators, compared to those who do not suffer or practice bullying presented greater chance more likely to have three (OR = 3.22, 1.35-7.69) and four (OR = 4.04, 1.69-9.66) risk behaviors. it was not observed significant association between co-occurrence of risk behaviors and other categories the bullying. Conclusion: Variables related to school and family life as well as body image are associated with reporting of different categories of bullying in adolescents. Those who perpetrate bullying may be at increased risk for diseases due to the simultaneous practice of different risk behaviors