Empatia de médicos avaliada por meio da Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) - Physician como marcador do cuidado centrado no paciente.

Abstract

Empathy is considered a pillar of quality, safe, person-centered care, allowing partnerships, leading to better outcomes. The objective of this study was the cross - cultural adaptation of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Physician - JSE (version for physicians) to the Portuguese language and the Brazilian context. It is the most researched and used instrument in the world, with validations in other cultures, in which empathy is a predominantly cognitive attribute and is divided into three dimensions: assume different perspectives; care with compassion and experience the patient's place (put on the patient's shoes). The pre-test (20 interviewed), operational and measuring equivalents - Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) and Confirmatory (Analysis, Retranslation, Equivalence between retranslations and the instrument, review by the group of experts) were performed. AFC) and, consequently, functional. The JSE was applied from October 2017 to March 2018 at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Jamil Haddad (INTO), a hospital with a long road to quality. A total of 101 doctors were male (75%) aged 24 to 66 years (mean: 39.3). The values of the scores ranged from 75 to 140, with a mean of 117.8 (Standard deviation - SD: 13.5); mean scores of items ranged from 6.7 (SD: 0.77) to 4.3 (SD: 1.82). The reliability estimate of the scale (Cronbach's Alpha) was 0.794 (the standard Cronbach's alpha, Alpha ordinal, Armor's Theta and Theta ordinal were also satisfactory). For the validity of the construct, three-dimensional AFE was performed, with orthogonal varimax rotation, eight items loaded in the first dimension; four in the second and three in the third. Three items (1, 8 and 19) presented factorial loads with close values (<0.2) in factors 2 and 3, and item 2 loaded on factors 1 and 3. Three factors with eigenvalues &#8805; 1.5 were extracted with ACP , which explain 41.4% of the total variance. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin analysis presented an index of 0.67, the Bartlett sphericity test showed a value equal to 1027.04 (p <0.01), the Steiger test equal to 1879.70 (p <0) , 01), and the Jennrich test was 276.70 (p <0.01), which indicates the adequacy of the data for the factorial analysis. The compassionate and compassionate subscales were strongly correlated (r: 0.627), as well as the scales experiencing the patient's place and compassionate care (r: .494). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the model with 20 dependent variables and 3 latent variables had good adjustment indexes: RMSEA = 0.050 (IC 90%: 0.023-0.070), CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.945 and SRMR = 0.071. In none of the studies that validated the scale, with methodological variations, it behaved exactly as in the original work. The weight of the cultural factor among the various peoples is still not clear. This is the first Brazilian validation study of JSE (physicians), and it has several limitations, but a clear correlation with the construct. Further studies are needed to enable it to be used systematically in our setting and to develop improvement plans for person-centered care.