Da deficiência à diferença: um percurso necessário à subjetivação da criança cega

Abstract

The reflections on this research began-taking as a starting point the interest in issues related to the most primitive experiences that underlie the constitution of subjectivity. It is thought, as some authors, that the initial experiences of a baby are very important for the formation of his psychic apparatus, especially those related to the set of sensations in which it is immersed. But then what happens when the baby is born with some deficiency in their sensorimotor apparatus, as in the case of babies born blind? It is known that blind people have to use other means to establish relations with the world of objects, people and things that surround them, implying a process of profound perceptual reorganization in which the stimuli provided by the environment play a key role. However, several studies indicate that many of these children who are blind from birth are not able to develop harmoniously manifesting often similar to autism in children visionaries, among other disorders. It seems that in these cases, visual impairment Baby profoundly affected the capacity to bond with attachment figures and this fact led to important onsequences for the evolution of the child. At the other extreme, infants who achieved an adequate level of development, showed healthy bonds with family, especially his mother. Thus, the purpose of this research concerns on the one hand, the understanding of the path taken by children who do not have the help of the sense of sight and, secondly, the understanding of the role of the first links to both health cases and for cases where the pathology and psychological distress arise.