Diferenças históricas, espaciais, sociais e por grupos de idade da razão de sexo, na população internada pelo SUS por HIV

Abstract

The HIV/AIDS, its history, is the changing nature in various social contexts around the world. Since the notification of the first cases to date, there is a different course over time, both in social as in biomedicine, which makes it possible to control a problem in the long term. These changes, however, are not perceived equally in all countries or regions. Due to various factors, the epidemic remains one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide, being the first one in Africa. In Brazil, the profile of the epidemic resembles the global, tending to decrease/stabilize the speed of onset of new cases. This contention is due to the impact of preventive measures undertaken by governmental and non-governmental initiatives to promote safer sexual practices. In the same context, some spatial analysis reveals demographic transitions of the HIV/AIDS in recent years. There are changes and unequal sex ratio under different socio-demographic and generational perspective. As a result, this work is justified by the need to analyze changes in sex ratio, providing important information for planning and prevention policy in the treatment of AIDS taking into account the vulnerability of the female population. The main objective of this research is to analyze historical differences, spatial and social aspects of sex ratio and age in the population hospitalized by SUS as a result of HIV infection in the period 1998 to 2009. It is a descriptive study of ecological and historical differences, spatial and age groups in the sex ratio also covering a multiple linear regression analysis of variables. We used data from the Hospital Information System SUS-SIH/SUS-DATASUS/MS as a source of information for hospitalized AIDS cases in the period 1998 to 2009. Cases were defined as aged between 15 and 49 years old, as well as stratified and analyzed data generated in the regions, in order to mix the information within each stratum with data from the 2000 census. The independent variables were represented by the following indicators (vulnerability factors): a) percentage of rural population residing in the region b) population size of the micro-region, to test whether the population size is associated with the sex ratio of HIV and c) percentage of population 15 to 49 years old are literate. In the results it is noticed that in almost all regions there is an increase in the number of women infected with HIV, which leads to the deduction of the presence of a process of feminization, linked to the heterosexual epidemic. The study results indicate that the HIV/AIDS tends to strike indiscriminately the Northeast, South and Southeast, especially the last two. The fact that in recent years, women have been infected in greater proportions than men, supports the process of feminization of AIDS, already announced by some authors.