Evolução da obesidade e do consumo alimentar de 1995 a 2005 em mulheres de 35 anos ou mais do Município do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

This thesis includes two manuscripts that address the theme "Food intake in women", based on two surveys conducted in Rio de Janeiro in 1995 and in 2005. This is the first Brazilian population-based study assessing changes in individual intake. The group of women 35 or older has the greatest risk of obesity. The first manuscript entitled "Ten-year increase in the prevalence of obesity among Brazilian women was associated to reduction of fat intake mainly among the less educated" refers to the prevalence of obesity and consumption of energy and macronutrients and it found a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of obesity (16% to 24%) and a significant increase in energy intake, and reduced intake of fat and cholesterol. In 2005, the most recent survey, a stronger negative association between education and obesity was found compared to the 1995 survey, and income was no longer associated with obesity. The second manuscript: "Trends in food intake among women of the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1995 to 2005" evaluated the overall change in the intake of high energy density foods and food groups and also includes analysis of intake stratified by schooling. An increased intake of high in energy density such as sweets, cookies and sausage and reduction of fruits, milk, beans, roots and potatoes, and meat in the period of ten years. More educated women had not reduction in fish and dairy and higher reduction in fruit and meat intake. Furthermore, it was also evaluated in the 2005 survey the association between the slimming pill and serum concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), "TSH levels associated with slimming pill use in a population based study of Brazilian women." This analysis showed high prevalence of use of these substances and showed that the levels of serum TSH were significantly lower among users of slimming pills.