Prevalência e fatores relacionados à infecção por HPV em mulheres assistidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais.

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the cause of 7% of the deaths among Brazilian women, with a estimated incidence rate in 15,33/100 thousand for all over the country, and HPV infection is a necessary cause for this disease. The screening with conventional cervical cytology is the strategy chosen in Brazil and other countries to prevent and control cervix cancer, through early detection of precancerous lesions. However, the screening has failures in the coverage, inequality of access, and quality, attributable to operational aspects in the several steps, since the collection of smears in the health facilities until results interpretation. The screening is also opportunistic, and to use population databases of Health Family Strategy can be an organized alternative. The screening effectiveness can be increased by incorporation of new techniques, especially those related to molecular biology, which provide HPV test for women, that can improve the screening or replace it. Knowledge about risk factors for infection is necessary to understand why some women groups who live under similar conditions are more vulnerable to infection than others. There is not a surveillance system for circulating types of HPV, which harms the evaluation of the circumstances, even more now in relation to recent implantation of HPV vaccination in the public basic calendar. In this study, our goal was to estimate the prevalence of HPV infection in women of a certain population, correlating the results to the risk factors for HPV infection, and evaluate the results in a quality assay perspective. 2062 women living in a suburban area in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, participated, responding to a questionnaire, submitted to conventional cervical cytology and cobas 4800 HPV test (Roche) for DNA detection. The entrance of women invited was lower than expected, so studies of other designs can contribute to its understanding. HPV infection prevalence estimates were calculated according to selected features. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 12,61%. Multivariate analysis using Poisson regression with robust variance showed statistically significant association with being single, consuming alcohol and having three or more sexual partners over a lifetime, with adjusted prevalence ratio 1,40, 1,44 e 1,35, respectively. The prevalence of precursor lesions of cervical cancer was 7,27%. The quality of the smear, evaluated by the representativeness of the collected epithelia showed that there is variation in the prevalence of precancerous lesions by quality of smears; however, there is no variation in HPV test results by cell representation, a finding that is consistent with a higher sensitivity and a better positive predictive value. Testing HPV proved to be useful, especially among women with normal cytology results.