A criação dos números e sua evolução Matemática: de escrava a rainha das ciências.

Abstract

This work addresses, in a short and objective way, the history of the evolution of numbers since the first scratch on a bone, until the current form we know. Through almost 30,000 years of its existence, the numerical system, it bases and representations had many modifications, being adapted to the historical context. We can cite the cientific mentality, the need to conquer territories, religions and beliefs and the basic needs of normal life. Thus, we show a historical chain that tries to explain how and why the idea of number changes in time, always aiming for the factors that motivated these changes and the benefits (or hindrances) that they brought with them. With one chapter dedicate to each on of the most important civilizations that had a contribution to mathematics improvement and, whenever possible, in a cronological order of happening, the reader can have a good idea of how one civilization influences others and how a nation could use earlier nations' knowledge to build their own algorithms and theorems.