Modelagem do uso de hábitat de cetáceos na região de Cabo Frio, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract

A major problem in ecological studies is the understanding of what factors drive animals distribution. Studies investigating the distribution of high mobility animals is a challenge for scientists all over the world. In that sense, habitat use models are powerful toolsto understand relationship between animals and their environment. With Geographical Information System (GIS) development, habitat use models have been used in ecological studies. However, habitat use models, in several times, are built with misspecification, such as the independence assumption, that must be corrected. Spatial autocorrelation is a common problem in ecological studies. In this thesis, generalized linear models with spatial eigenvectors were used to investigate habitat use in cetaceans using physiographic, oceanographic and anthropogenic co-variates in Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil, specifically: Bryde s whale, Balaenoptera edeni (Chapter 1); bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Chapter 2); Misticetes and odontocetes (Chapter 3). Bryde s whale was influenced by sea surface temperature minimum and maximum, in which the most common used strip correlates with Sardinella brasiliensis habitat use during reproduction periods (22 to 28ºC). For common bottlenose dolphin, the best model indicated they were more frequently found in low sea surface temperature, with high standard deviation and high chlorophyl concentration. Both misticetes and odontocetes used in similar proportion the Conservation Unit areas and non- Conservation Unit areas. Misticetes occurred more often more distant from coast, in low sea surface temperature with high standard deviation. Odontocetes used areas with lowest and highest depths. They also used cold waters and with high chlorophyll concentration. Both misticetes and odontocetes were found more frequently up to 5km from tour and scuba dive boats. Identifying critical habitats for cetaceans is a first crucial step towards their conservation