O mangá como material alternativo no ensino de japonês como língua estrangeira em nível de graduação.

Abstract

We considered the manga a representation of the Japanese culture that presents colloquial and current variety of the Japanese language and has a big penetration in different layers of this society. In spite of those characteristics, the manga a lot of times is neglectful as possible gender to circulate in Japanese's classes as foreign language (J/LE). Therefore, the central objective of this work is to discuss the relevance and implications of the use of the manga for the teaching-learning of J/LE in graduation classes. The proposal of assuming the manga as a didatic text in situation of teaching-learning of J/LE raised a series of theoretical subjects in our study. These are the link to the concepts of multi and interculturalism, to the process reader, the gender notion and the characterization of the manga. With base in the identity subject, discussed by Kramsch, we assumed that, starting from his/her own knowledge as individual and of the contact with other cultural manifestations, the graduating can recognize that other individuals exist with different cultures coexisting (multiculturalism) and that these can link and interact (interculturalism). Being the manga a gender of great use among Japanese, it constitutes, therefore, an access source for his culture. We aim that the reading of the manga extrapolates the field of the linguistic, show the multicultural existence in the middle we live in and proposes a intercultural vision to the undergraduate student. Such considerations took to the revision of the reader process, with focus in an interactive approach of reading, in which the reader is an active subject that negotiates and it rebuilds meanings. To verify the situation of the manga in the current situation of the teaching of J/LE in the two public highter education institutions (IESs) of the Rio de Janeiro that offer the course and to compose our corpus we used two different instruments. In interviews with the teachers of Japanese of those IESs we looked for a vision of the hers educational practices. In one workshop of manga reading with the students of the sixth period of the IES-2 we discussed practical results of the use of the manga in classroom. For each instrument we accomplished a pilot for methodological fittingses. We made a qualitative analyze of the content of the corpus: the depositions of informers teachers, recording of the interactions in the workshops and answers to the protocols written by the undergraduate student. Through the interviews we could verify that the use of the manga in graduation class is more significant in literature classes that in language classes, still tends little use for the teaching of J/LE. With the reading workshop, we ended that, in spite of the differences among the informers, the readings were close, so much in the time of accomplishment as in the conclusions that arrived. For the protocol filled out after the workshop, we verified that the undergraduate students found the experience valid because it contributed to their world knowledge. They were positioned favorable to the use of the manga when if they become teachers. Then, we concluded that the manga can be a relevant instrument in the teaching of J/LE in the graduation, for his potential as source of cultural aspects, linguistic and for the development of the reading.