A construção da criminalização no jornal: uma abordagem discursiva.

Abstract

This study aims to uncover the elaboration process of speech images of the social actors involved in a crime (criminal and victim) as well as the speech object crime itself found in informational reportages from popular daily newspapers from the state of Rio de Janeiro. We assume postulates derived from some criminologists aligned with the school known as critical criminology (BARATTA, 2002; CERVINI, 1994; SCHECAIRA, 2004; ZAFFARONI, 1998), and discuss the statement that claims that media manipulates information, emphasizing the media ability to (re)producing violence. The vector chosen to approach the news was the idea of property, in its public and private aspects. So, our corpus includes news about robbery, fraud, and white-collar crimes. In regarding to language, we assume the discourse analysis proposals, oriented by dialogic studies. Also, we attempt to keep in mind the articulations among speech, knowledge, and power elaborated by Michel Foulcault (1973, 1975), and revisited by Pêcheux (1975). Our analytic framework includes the identification of naming practices (GUIMARÃES, 2002; KARIM, 2001; MAINGUENEAU, 2001; MARIANI, 1998 e PECHÊUX, 1975/1997), the qualification processes (CERVONI, 1989; KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 1997; MAINGUENEAU, 2001 e SANT ANNA, 2004), and the reported speeches (AUTHIER-REVUZ, 1990, 1998; BAKTHIN, 1977/1995; MAINGUENEAU, 1989 e SANT ANNA, 2003, 2004) which cross and organize the news brought to the text by the journalist-enunciator. From the confluence of the operational categories, it was possible to recognize markers of attitude from the journalists in the discoursive reconstruction of the crimes. Those speech stands make us question the notion of objectivity and make evident a different enunciative approach to each of the illegalisms. The achieved results also enable us to reflect on state of violence, in which the victim is diffuse and collective.