Excesso de peso materno, estilos e práticas parentais de alimentação e oferta de alimentos ultraprocessados aos filhos em idade pré-escolar

Abstract

Overweight is a public health problem with increasing prevalence in all age groups. In women, the reproductive cycle can increase the chances of injury and is associated with overweight in children. Given the maternal role in food supply, it becomes relevant to study the behaviors adopted by them, as well as the foods offered. Parental feeding styles and practices include the emotional context that predominates during meals and the daily practices or attitudes that make up the style. For their identification, the Caregiver's Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) and Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) instruments are the most adapted in different contexts. In 2018, they were adapted to Brazilian preschoolers by Ferreira and collaborators. The supply of food to children can be verified through the questionnaire for assessment of eating practices of children under two years of age validated by Oliveira and collaborators in 2015, especially when the goal is to identify the supply of ultra-processed, as it allows quantifying the food supply the day before and sort them by second degree of processing. The foods on the list are also relevant to the preschool age group. Given the above, the present thesis aimed to associate maternal overweight with parenting styles and practices and food supply. The study design is cross-sectional, and the data used are a clipping of the research Family violence, parental eating styles and practices and childhood overweight, carried out in a Family Clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The sample consisted of 154 preschool mothers. Data were collected between 2016 and 2017 through a questionnaire containing the mentioned instruments, had double entry in EpiData® and were exported, treated and analyzed in SPSS 21.0®. Bivariate Logistic Regression analyzes were performed to test crude associations using the p-value of 0.20 as the threshold for entry into the adjusted model. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the adjusted model, with a significance level of 95%. Maternal overweight was not associated with eating styles, but obesity was associated with uninvolved eating styles (OR: 2.307; 95% CI: 1.158-4.599; p = 0.017). An inverse association was found between maternal overweight and dietary restriction (OR: 0.381; 95% CI: 0.178-0.814; p = 0.013) and the high supply of ultra-processed foods (OR = 0.099; 95% CI: 0.018-0.541). ; p <0.05) (> 6 items / day). Maternal overweight reduced the chances of dietary restriction and high supply of ultra-processed foods. These findings contradict the common sense that overweight mothers necessarily have obesogenic behaviors with their children. For the sample of mothers in the present study, being overweight reduced the chances of practices already associated with childhood overweight and lower vegetable consumption. The high prevalence of overweight and maternal obesity, as well as the high median of ultra-processed items offered to children raise educational intervention in the context of Primary Health Care with a view to sensitive coping with overweight and ultraprocessed consumption